Heating wall construction



Dec. 19, 1967 F. THIERSCH ETAL 3,359,184

HEATING WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 8, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet l can INVENTORS FRIEDRICH f/l/ERSCH Y Mala/Peso MOOGANST'EQM Dec. 19, 1967 Filed Nov. 8, 1962 I F. THIERSCH ETAL 3,359,184

HEATING WALL CONSTRUCTI ON 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS FP/E 02/61! 77052 SCH Dec. 19, 1967 F. THlER SCH ET A 3,359,134

HEATING WALL CONSTRUCTI ON Filed Nov. 8, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Zia l 1 I w 24 e2 F'IGJS F'IG.|6

MAN/2E0 MWG/M'SI'EPN BY A TTORNE v5 Dec. 19, 1967 F.1'H1ER'scH ET AL $359,184

HEATING WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 8, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG. l7

INVENTORS FE/EOE/Cl! 724/505? MA/VFEED Mazamvsrzlv BY rramvsy;

United States Patent 3,359,184 HEATING WALL CONSTRUCTION Friedrich Thiersch and Manfred Morgenstern, Recklinghausen, Germany, assignors to Firma Carl Still, Recklinghausen, Germany Filed Nov. 8, 1962, Ser. No. 236,385 Claims priority, application Germany, Nov. 25, 1961, St 18,608 3 Claims. (Cl. 202-223) This invention relates in general to heating wall and block construction, particularly for regenerative coke ovens and particularly to a new and useful heating flue construction for a horizontal chamber furnace.

The present invention is an improvement over prior art constructions, particularly in respect to the construction of header walls which permit erection to great structural heights such as may be employed in a coke oven. In accordance with the invention, a walled bond for heating hues of a horizontal chamber coke oven is provided which comprises header Walls consisting of three block sections in each individual course with the central block sections being formed as a frame shaped block and with the courses being alternately arranged as follows.

One course comprises a central block section and two head blocks each adjacent a respective opposite end thereof, the head blocks extending through the adjacent stretcher walls on each side to the exterior surface of the stretcher wall which is in contact with the coal. The header course lying above or below this course also includes a central block section which is shorter than the central block section of the first course, so that end blocks engaging each end of it overlap the central block section of the first header course, with their outer end faces either lying flat against the continuous stretcher walls or engaged into recesses formed in such stretcher walls.

The width of the head blocks and end blocks adjacent the stretcher walls, is advantageously made smaller than the width of the central block sections, or the maximum thickness of the header wall in the central portion, the head blocks and end blocks being substantially uniformly tapered from the maximum width at the location where they abut the central block section to the ends thereof adjacent the stretcher walls. This obviates abrupt transition sections in the header wall, such as characteristic of the use of T-shaped'blocks, for example. Furthermore, despite the substantial thickness of the header wall at its central portion, a favorable ratioof coal-contacted area to heater area is maintained. In addition, the gas space for radiation of heat between the header walls, directly at the stretcher walls, is increased, so that heated wall temperature is higher by at least 30 C. than if the header wall had the same thickness at the stretcher walls as it has at its central portion.

The construction of the central block sections in the form of block sections having substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces and formed with a vertically extending opening, which opens completely through the upper and lower surfaces, makes it possible to use the cavities of these block sections to form a continuous vertical duct for gas conduction and air conduction and also makes it possible to employ the header walls as an ideal stepped heating arrangement for the coke chamber. A very great advantage is that the header walls will withstand great or intense heating and unusually large thermal stresses because one-piece central block sections provided in every alternate course insure the static cohesion of the header courses and hence of the heating walls.

With the invention arrangement, the central block sections of the three-section header courses are designed as frame block sections having openings extending completely therethrough between their upper and lower surfaces.

r the heating chamber.

ICC

Thus, vertical channels are formed through the superposed courses of the header wall.

An additional advantage lies in the symmetrical arrangement and ability to withstand stress of the header walls, and the non-symmetrical configuration and arrangement provided by the hammerhead or T-shaped blocks of prior art constructions is avoided. In addition, abruptly or sharply recessed parts are substantially avoided in the connection of the header walls to the heating walls so that the irregular stresses which are likely to occur at such points are avoided.

By the use of intersecting tongues and grooves, and by a special arrangement of the blocks forming the header courses, interlocking engagement between the header courses and interlocking engagement between header courses and the stretcher block walls is effected, thereby bringing about static cohesion between the header walls and the stretcher walls. The danger that onespiece frame blocks, which may have become somewhat uneven or twisted during burning, cannot provide a firm bond in the masonry is substantially obviated because, in the invention construction, one-piece frame blocks lie between courses in which the central block section is composed of several separate blocks. Thereby, it is easy to compensate any small unevenness, as by the use of a mortar.

A further advantage is the easy movability and transportability of the blocks of the three part header course construction, and in particular of the central block sections which may be formed in one or several parts. With a three-block or three-section design of the header courses, as well as the design of the head blocks as simple heads, a substantial reduction of the dimensions and the weight of the individual header blocks is achieved. Thus, the individual elements of the header courses are relatively easy to transport even for ovens having relatively great spans and relatively great heights, so that no special transportation and loading device are required for the erection of the header walls. The header course blocks of the invention can be transported and stacked with less danger of breakage than can angle blocks, such as hammer heads or T blocks, which, because of their numerous sharp corners, edges and recesses have a tendency to break readily.

Contrary to normal expectation, the design of the central block sections of the three-section header courses as frame block sections provides that at least the same strength as obtainable with one-piece blocks extending the full length of the header can be obtained even at temperatures of above 1000 C. Moreover, the invention arrangement provides the simplest possible manner for arranging vertical channels in the interior of the headers, such channels being indispensible for stepwise heating without which uniform heating of relatively high ovens is not possible.

In known heating walls the head or end blocks of three-part header courses include T or hammer head blocks projecting into the stretcher wall. In another form the width of the head or end blocks is the same as that of the central block section to directly at the surface of the stretcher wall, after which the head or end blocks have their cross sections sharply reduced for engagement into the stretcher wall. At the point of such sharp reduction, the header courses are subjected to stresses which, in practice, lead to breaking at the angular projections bonded into the stretcher walls. Such rectangularly recessed masonry parts, with their resulting weaknesses, are avoided in the present invention by providing that the transition between the greater width of the central block sections and the end width of the head or end blocks is uniform and comprises gradually tapering peripheral areas within The formation of a central header block section as a frame-shaped block section also offers the possibility of clamping the central block section securely to the outer head blocks. It is true that large frame-shaped blocks often become warped when they are fired, and hence they may not stack evenly. The present invention overcomes this difficulty, since the courses lying over or under such one piece central header block section are fitted together from smaller edge blocks which again form, with end blocks, a frame'shaped, and somewhat shorter, central block section. The end blocks of the course employing the center block sections made up of a plurality of individual smaller edge blocks are not engaged into the stretcher walls but are applied to lie flat against these walls or engaged into relatively shallow recesses formed in the stretcher walls.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved heating wall construction which includes a block course comprising a central header block section with head blocks engaging each end thereof and which engage into adjacent stretcher block walls, and a second course comprising a central header block section formed by spaced edge blocks which engage into end blocks which are made to rest either flush against the interior stretcher walls or in recesses formed therein.

A further object of the invention is to provide a heating wall construction in which the various center block sections, head blocks and end blocks are fitted together by projecting rib and groove configurations.

The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages ad specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are indicated preferred embodiments ofthe invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view indicating two courses of a heating wall construction, one above the other;

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of a slightly modified arrangement;

FIG. 3 is another embodiment of heating wall construction;

FIG. 4 is still another embodiment of a heating wall construction;

FIG. 5 is another embodiment of a heating wall constrnction;

FIG. 6 is another embodiment of heating wall construction;

FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a head block construction;

FIG. 8 is a side elevation of the block indicated in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a top plan view of a central block section;

FIG. 10 is an end elevation of the block indicated in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top plan view of a stretcher wall block;

FIG. 12 is an end elevation of the block indicated in FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of an end block construction;

FIG. 14 is a side elevation of the block indicated in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a top plan view of an edge block construction;

FIG. 16 is a side elevation of the block indicated in FIG. 15; and

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a partially erected wall construction embodying the invention.

Referring to the drawing in particular, the invention embodied therein as indicated in FIG. 1 includes a heating flue wall construction for a horizontal chamber furnace which comprises two courses, one above the other, with one course being indicated at the left portion of figure and the other course, arranged either above or below this course, indicated at the right portion of figure.

4 The stretcher walls 1 and 2 of FIG. 1 include stretcher blocks C, C, C", C' but the heating walls '1 and 2 in FIGS. 2-6 and 17 include only stretcher blocks C"" arranged in parallel relationship at spaced locations with their outer faces being in contact with the coal charge of the adjacent chamber of the coke oven.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, headers or header assemblies are arranged between the stretcher walls, and include blocks which either extend through the stretcher walls or are secured at the interior of the walls. The clearance between stretcher walls 1 and 2 may vary in the usual range, for example, between 600 and 900 mm. or

more.

The header course represented on the left portion of FIG. 1 consists of a central block section 3 which includes a rectangular cavity or opening extending completely upwardly, through the thickness thereof, and opening through the substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces thereof. The configuration of the cavity, of course, may be made in any desired shape. Adjacent to each end of the central block section 3 are arranged outer head blocks 5 and 6 which, for this course, include projecting heads 7 and 8 which engage completely through the stretcher walls 1 and 2 so that the end faces of blocks 5 and 6 form a part of the surface of the contiguous chamber in contact with the coal. Joints 9 and 10 between the central block section 3 and the head blocks 5 and 6 are advantageously packed with a refractory mortar. The entire form of the header is advantageously made with a maximum width in the central hollow block section 3. The head blocks 5 and 6 are advantageously tapered inwardly toward the respective stretcher walls 1 and 2 and are prolonged with substantially constant dimensions through the respective stretcher walls. The heads 7 and 8 of the blocks 5 and 6 which pass through the stretcher walls 1 and 2 are advantageously formed rectangularly and with a constant width and advantageously include a vertical tongue 12 and groove 14 on one head block and a corresponding tongue 58 and a groove 59 on the opposite head block interengaged with similar tongues 13 and 60 and grooves 11 and 6 1 formed on appropriate ends of the associated stretcher blocks on each end.

In the right hand portion of FIG. 1 a course which is adapted to lie either below or above the course shown on the left hand end comprises two separate edge blocks 15 and 16 which are spaced to define an upwardly ex-.

tending central cavity 17. The edge blocks 15 and 16 engage by means of vertical ribs 18, 19, 62 and 63 into corresponding vertical grooves 20, 21, 64 and 65 of end blocks 22 and 23 arranged at opposite ends thereof. The blocks 22 and 23 do not pass through the stretcher walls 1 and 2 but include rectangular projections 24 and 25 which engage into rectangular recesses formed conjointly on the edges of adjacent stretcher blocks at the location of the joint therebetween.

Preferably, the outer stretcher walls 1 and 2 are so constructed that adjacent headers are separated from each other only by the length of one stretcher block. As the header course A and B of the heating wall changes also in horizontal direction, two stretcher blocks join at their front sides at the projections of the end blocks of the header course B into the stretcher wall, for instance, stretcher block C and C of the stretcher wall '1, as shown in FIG. 1, whereby the stretcher block C at one end is engaged by means of vertical tongue 60 with groove 59 of the head block 5 and at its other end by means of groove 66 with tongue 67 of stretcher block C". The stretcher block C at the other end is engaged also by means of its groove 61 with tongue 58 of a head block 5. The stretcher block C in the stretcher wall 2 is engaged by means of its tongue 13 to the groove 14 of the head block 6 and by means of groove 27 with the tongue 26 of stretcher block C. This stretcher block C' is engaged again by means of groove 11 with the tongue 12 of a head block 6. In this manner, the entire stretcher walls 1 and 2 may be formed of stretcher block elements of the same length which diifer in respect to the groove arrangement or rib arrangement. It should be noted that the individual courses of the header arranged one under the other may advantageously be clamped or anchored together, for example, by means of grooves which extend crosswise to the header axis and ribs engaging therein. Such grooves and ribs are represented schematically at 28, 29, 30, 6'8, 69 and 70. In addition, the individual stretcher blocks C, C, C" and C' of the walls 1 and 2 may be clamped together by longitudinal grooves and ribs 31, 31, 31" and 31.

The stretcher blocks in the individual course advantageously always include longitudinal ribs on two contiguous sides, while the other two sides are provided with grooves.

, In FIG. '2, the same reference numerals have been used to designate the same parts as in FIG. 1 but with the changed portions or elements being designated with a number and a prime. In this embodiment, the course B is changed so that the projections 24 and 25 are no longer provided in end blocks 22' and 23'. The end blocks 22' and 23 of the header course are advantageously provided with vertical grooves 33 and 71 and discontinuous edges 34 and 72 which serve to receive mortar so that the tightness of the connection to the headers of the outer wall of the chamber is greatly improved. With the design indicated in FIG. 2, only a single stretcher block construction C"" for both stretcher walls 1 and 2' need be provided, thus rendering the great advantage that there is no need to sort out a stretcher block C" provided for stretcher wall 1' according to FIG. 2, where the side in contact with coal is damaged, for this stretcher block C"" can be placed into the adjacent stretcher wall 2' by parallel gliding, where then the damaged side shows to the heating flue and the side, originally showing to the heating flue, is now in contact with coal. In FIG. 1, however, separate stretcher blocks have to be provided for the course which includes the header element B to receive the projections 24 and 25.

In FIG. 3 the same reference numerals designate the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but in this embodiment crosswise extending grooves and ribs 35 and 36 are provided in the head blocks 5 and 6. In addition, grooves and ribs 37 and 38 extending in longitudinal directions of the head blocks 5 and 6 are provided to cross the grooves and ribs 35 and 36. The grooves and ribs are prolonged by a short section 39' and 40, over the abutment between the central header block section and the head blocks, onto the central block section 3, where they open into a groove and a cross rib 41 and 42 of the central block section. In addition, the central block section is provided with a cross groove 43 extending through its center and having a corresponding rib at its opposite side.

The formation of the header course B which lies either above or below the course A corresponds with respect to the respective cross channels and lengthwise channels and cross ribs and longitudinal ribs of the course A so that the ribs and the channels of the two courses interengage. The end blocks 22' and 23 are indicated in this embodiment with their end faces flush with the inner faces of the stretcher walls 1' and 2'.

In FIG. 4 a shorter central block section 3' is provided on the course A and it does not include any oblique end portions, but rather the obliqueness is carried by oblique faces 44, 45, 75 and 76 of head blocks 5 and 6, respectively. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the header course B includes smaller edge blocks 15 and 16 which also carry central projecting ribs 46, 47, 73 and 74 which engage into appropriately located grooves defined in end blocks 22" and 23".

FIG. 5 indicates a modified construction in which central block section 3" are made with an octagonal-shaped central opening 4' and a similar configuration is indicated 6 on the course B of the same figure. The other changes are dimensional and configurational changes.

In the embodiment indicated in FIG. 6, there are provided, in addition to the grooves and ribs extending in the longitudinal direction of the headers, also obliquely extending grooves and ribs 48, 49, 77 and 78 which open into the grooves extending in a transverse direction on the head blocks 5" 6". The central header block section, which also carries a continuation of these grooves is formed not as a single closed block having a vertical opening therethrough but as two edge blocks 50 and 51 which are substantially 'U-shaped and are arranged in opposed relationship with their end faces 52 and 53 abutting. The outer end faces of the leg portions 54, 55, 79 and 80 abut against the head blocks 5" and 6, respectively. The end faces 54, 55, 79 and 80 are made obliquely so that they fit into similarly contoured faces on the ends of the head blocks 5 and 6' In FIGS. 7 to 16 various constructions of block elements are indicated. In FIG. 7, a head block is indicated in plan, which corresponds to the construction shown in header course A indicated in FIG. 2. In FIG. 8, the same block is shown in left side elevation. The ribs of the block are indicated 28a and 29a and the grooves are indicated 28 and 29. It should be noted that the ribs and the grooves are continuous on pairs of abutting sides.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show top plan and side elevational views of the block section 3, as indicated in FIG. 2 in top view. FIGS. 11 and 12 show block 0"" of the stretcher wall, as indicated in the top view of FIG. 2, with FIG. 12 showing the same block in end elevation.

FIG. 13 indicates a top view of the end block 22 indicated in FIG. 2, with FIG. 14 showing the same block in side elevation.

FIG. 15 indicates a top view of edge block 15 as indicated in FIG. 2, with FIG. l6.showing the same block in side elevation. The grooves 30 and 68 and the corresponding ribs 30a and 68a which are shown in the block constructions indicated in FIGS. 9 and 10 extend only on the upper side or respectively on the underside of the central block, while the lateral walls of the block are smooth. The stretcher block indicated in FIGS. 11 and 12 has grooves 31" which are continuous on two contiguous block sides, that is, on the longitudinal face and on the contiguous end face, while also the ribs 31a are continuous on the other two corresponding sides of the block.

The block 22, as indicated in FIGS. 13 and 14, includes grooves 29 and 30 as well as corresponding ribs 29a and 30a which extend only on the upper face and lower face, respectively, of the block, not on the lateral faces thereof.

The described block forms, as well as their dimensions and anchorings, may be variously modified in design within the frame work of the essential inventive concept. The essential characteristics remain in every case, that is the longitudinal header courses are subdivided in their longitudinal direction into at least three blocks, each comprising a central block section and two end or head blocks with the alternate possibility that the central block section is formed of separate edge blocks. The header courses include head blocks which, in alternate courses, engage into the adjacent stretcher walls, the outer face of which being in contact with the coal. The header courses intermediate said alternate courses include a shorter central block section with the end blocks on each side thereof engaging into a bond with the stretcher walls, such as by a short projection which extends into the stretcher wall, or by a bond in which the end blocks are flush against the stretcher walls.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that this invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.

What is claimed is:

17 A wall construction for the heating flues of a horizontal chamber coke oven, comprising spaced upright stretcher block walls, and a header wall assembly connected between said stretcher block walls, said header wall assembly comprising first courses each including a first central block section having substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces and formed with a vertically extending opening which opens completely through said upper and lower surfaces, and a pair of head blocks each engaging a respective end face of said first central block section, said head blocks having outer ends engaging through the adjacent stretcher wall to the coal-contacted surface thereof; and second courses alternating vertically with said first courses each including a second central block section having substantially parallel upper and lower surfaces and formed with a vertically extending opening which opens completely through said upper and lower surface, and a pair of end blocks each engaged with a respective end of said second central block section and having outer end faces engaging said stretcher walls; said second central block section being shorter, in longitudinal dimension, than said first central block section so that said end blocks partially overlap said first central block section; each first central block section of each first course consisting of not more than two blocks forming closed ends about said opening; each second central block section of each second course consisting of two laterally spaced edge blocks; the width of said header wall assembly, at the center thereof, defined by said central block sections, being substantially greater than the width of said header wall assembly adjacent the stretcher block walls, defined by said head blocks and end blocks, said header wall assembly decreasing in width, in a uniformly tapered manner, toward said stretcher block walls and without abrupt changes in lateral dimensions.

2. A heating wall, as claimed in claim 1, wherein each first central block section of each first course comprises two substantially U-shaped blocks having leg portions which are arranged abutting to define said vertically extending opening.

3. A wall construction, as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said end blocks of each of said second course includes vertical grooves along the outer end face thereof abutting said stretcher block walls, said grooves being adapted to be filled With mortar.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 103,507 5/1870 Schantl 202--223 X 2,053,573 9/ 1936 Mueller 202-223 X 2,141,035 12/1938 Daniels 202-268 X 2,433,253 12/ 1947 Agnew et al 202-223 2,574,738 11/1951 Graham et al. 263-2O 2,934,933 5/1960 Lowenstern et al. 202223 X 3,102,846 9/1963 Tucker 202-223 X FOREIGN PATENTS 10,210 3/ 1928 Australia.

102,529 11/1937 Australia. 1,050,144 8/1953 France. 1,204,761 8/ 1959 France. 1,089,726 9/ 1960 Germany.

271,053 1928 Great Britain.

806,610 12/1958 Great Britain.

279,110 10/1930 Italy.

42,011 11/ 1937 Netherlands.

MORRIS O. WOLK, Primary Examiner.

I. ZATARGA, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A WALL CONSTRUCTION FOR THE HEATING FLUES OF A HORIZONTAL CHAMBER COKE OVEN, COMPRISING SPACED UPRIGHT STRETCHER BLOCK WALLS, AND A HEADER WALL ASSEMBLY CONNECTED BETWEEN SAID STRETCHER BLOCK WALLS, SAID HEADER WALL ASSEMBLY COMPRISING FIRST COURSES EACH INCLUDING A FIRST CENTRAL BLOCK SECTION HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES AND FORMED WITH A VERTICALLY EXTENDING OPENING WHICH OPENS COMPLETELY THROUGH SAID UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES, AND A PAIR OF HEAD BLOCKS EACH ENGAGING A RESPECTIVE END FACE OF SAID FIRST CENTRAL BLOCK SECTION, SAID HEAD BLOCKS HAVING OUTER ENDS ENGAGING THROUGH THE ADJACENT STRECHER WALL TO THE COAL-CONTACTED SURFACE THEREOF; AND SECOND COURSE ALTERNATING VERTICALLY WITH SAID FIRST COURSES EACH INCLUDING A SECOND CENTRAL BLOCK SECTION HAVING SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL UPPER AND LOWER SURFACES AND FORMED WITH A VERTICALLY EXTENDING OPENING WHICH OPENS COMPLETELY THROUGH SAID UPPER AND LOWER SURFACE, AND A PAIR OF END BLOCKS EACH ENGAGED WITH A RESPECTIVE END OF SAID SECOND CENTRAL BLOCK SECTION AND HAVING OUTER END FACES ENGAGING SAID STRETCHER WALLS; SAID SECOND CENTRAL BLOCK SECTION BEING SHORTER, IN LONGITUDINAL 